Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The quality and comfort of these products largely depend on the raw materials used in their production. Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or bamboo-based materials for organic options

Key properties:
– Soft and comfortable texture
– Quick-drying surface
– Hypoallergenic
– Breathable to prevent irritation

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both

Absorption characteristics:
– High liquid retention capacity
– Rapid absorption rate
– Minimal rewetting (keeping surface dry)
– Odor control properties

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and is usually composed of:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

Important features:
– Liquid-proof barrier
– Flexible and durable
– Some allow moisture vapor transmission
– Noise-free movement

### 4. Adhesive Components

These include:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for pad attachment
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding
– Silicone-based release paper

Adhesive requirements:

– Strong enough to stay in place
– Gentle on skin and clothing
– Leaves no residue upon removal

## Specialized Materials in Premium Pads

### 1. Odor Control Additives

– Activated charcoal
– Baking soda
– Antimicrobial agents

### 2. Cooling Gel Components

– Hydrogel particles
– Menthol-infused layers

### 3. Organic and Natural Alternatives

– Organic cotton topsheets
– Bamboo fiber cores
– Biodegradable backsheets

## Material Safety Considerations

Manufacturers must ensure:

– Non-toxic, skin-friendly materials
– Absence of harmful chemicals like dioxins
– Compliance with international safety standards
– Hypoallergenic properties for sensitive skin

## Environmental Impact and Innovations

Recent developments focus on:

– Biodegradable materials
– Reduced plastic content
– Compostable options
– Plant-based superabsorbents

## Conclusion

The composition of sanitary pad raw materials directly affects product performance, comfort, and safety. From the breathable top sheet to the highly absorbent core and leak-proof back sheet, each component plays a vital role. As consumer awareness grows, manufacturers continue to innovate with safer, more sustainable materials while maintaining the essential properties required for effective menstrual protection.