Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: A synthetic material that can absorb many times its weight in liquid, enhancing the pad’s capacity.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene, it is soft, breathable, and allows for quick liquid penetration.
– **Perforated Film**: A thin, flexible material that provides a smooth surface and prevents leakage.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. It is usually made from:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A waterproof material that is lightweight and flexible.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: Allows air to pass through while keeping liquids contained, enhancing comfort.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the pad in place within the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad in position but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesive**: A thermoplastic adhesive that provides strong bonding and flexibility.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive**: Sticks to surfaces upon application of light pressure, ensuring easy application and removal.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is a protective layer that covers the adhesive before use. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: Provides a non-stick surface, allowing for easy removal when the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Raw Materials

The raw materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure the product’s effectiveness and user comfort:

– **Absorbency**: High absorbency is crucial for managing menstrual flow effectively.
– **Softness**: Materials should be gentle on the skin to prevent irritation.
– **Breathability**: Allows air circulation, reducing the risk of discomfort and odor.
– **Flexibility**: Ensures the pad conforms to the body’s shape for a secure fit.
– **Biodegradability**: Increasingly important for environmental sustainability, with materials like wood pulp being preferred.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide optimal performance, comfort, and safety. Understanding their composition and properties helps in appreciating the engineering behind these everyday essential products.